What is FTP?
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is a set of rules for sending files from one computer to another over the internet. Think of it as a delivery service for files. Over time, a few versions of this service have appeared. Some are safe and some are not.
Plain FTP
This is the original kind. It uses port 21. A port is a numbered door on a computer. Plain FTP sends your username, password and files with no scrambling. Anyone watching the network could read them. It is like sending a postcard. Avoid it for anything private.
FTPS (FTP over SSL/TLS)
FTPS is plain FTP with a lock added. SSL/TLS is a way to scramble data so only the sender and receiver can read it. It is the same lock that gives websites the padlock sign. FTPS often uses port 21 with an upgrade step, or port 990. It needs a security certificate on the server.
SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol)
SFTP is a different tool that only shares the name. It works inside SSH, a secure tunnel to a server. It uses a single port, usually 22. Everything is scrambled, including the login. It is often easier to get through firewalls than FTPS.
Anonymous FTP
This type lets people connect without a personal account. Public download sites used it long ago. It is rarely a good idea today, because anyone can get in.
TFTP
TFTP is a very simple version. It has no login and no safety. It is used for tasks like loading settings onto network devices inside a private network. Websites do not use it.
Which should you pick?
| Type | Scrambled? | Usual port | Good for |
|---|---|---|---|
| FTP | No | 21 | Testing only |
| FTPS | Yes | 21 or 990 | Secure transfers where FTP tools are needed |
| SFTP | Yes | 22 | Everyday secure transfers |
| Anonymous FTP | No | 21 | Public downloads, rarely |
| TFTP | No | 69 | Network devices |
Using them
Free programs like FileZilla handle FTP, FTPS and SFTP. You choose the type in the Protocol box. Your login details are in your welcome email or the client area. Need help? Open a support ticket.
Quick recap
- Plain FTP is not safe because it is not scrambled.
- FTPS adds SSL/TLS to FTP.
- SFTP runs inside SSH, usually on port 22.
- Choose SFTP or FTPS for business files.